What Is GLP-1?

Short answer: GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) is a hormone your gut naturally releases after eating. It helps regulate blood sugar and signals to your brain that you're full. "GLP-1 medications" are drugs that mimic this hormone to help manage type 2 diabetes and, at certain doses, support weight loss.

What GLP-1 does in the body

Naturally occurring GLP-1 is released from the gut in response to food. It prompts the pancreas to release insulin, slows how quickly food empties from the stomach, and acts on appetite centers in the brain to reduce hunger. In people with type 2 diabetes or obesity, this natural signaling can be blunted, which is part of the rationale behind GLP-1 medications.

What a "GLP-1 receptor agonist" medication does

A GLP-1 receptor agonist is a medication engineered to bind to the same receptors as natural GLP-1, but with a longer-lasting effect. Semaglutide (marketed as Ozempic and Wegovy) is a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Tirzepatide (marketed as Mounjaro and Zepbound) acts on GLP-1 receptors and GIP receptors together, a dual mechanism.

Why they're prescribed

GLP-1 receptor agonists are FDA-approved to treat type 2 diabetes, and specific formulations and doses are FDA-approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or who are overweight with a weight-related condition. They are prescription medications requiring evaluation by a licensed provider, not over-the-counter products.